tr

tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'Convert lowercase to uppercase

tr

details |

tr -d '[=-=]axM'character class notation `[=c=]' with `-' (or any other character) in place of the `c'

tr

details |

tr -cs '[:alnum:]' '[\n*]'Put all words on lines by themselves. This converts all non-alphanumeric characters to newlines, then squeezes each string of repeated newlines into a single newline

tr

details |

tr -d axMDeleting a small set of characters is usually straightforward. For example, to remove all `a's, `x's, and `M's you would do this

tr

details |

tr a-z A-ZConvert lowercase characters to uppercase

tr

details |

tr -cs '[:alnum:]' '[\n*]'Pad the first set to the size of the second set

tr

details |

tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZA common use of `tr' is to convert lowercase characters to uppercase

tr

details |

tr -d axM-we might try `tr -d -axM', but that would fail because `tr' would try to interpret `-a' as a command-line option. Alternatively, we could try putting the hyphen inside the string, `tr -d a-xM', but that wouldn't work either because it would make `tr' interpret `a-x' as the range of characters `a'...`x' rather than the three. One way to solve the problem is to put the hyphen at the end of the list of characters

tr

details |

tr -d '\0'Remove all zero bytes

tr

details |

tr -d -- -axMyou can use `--' to terminate option processing:

tr

details |

tr -s '\n'Convert each sequence of repeated newlines to a single newline

tr

details |